Solid state forms of pemafibrate

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to solid state forms of Pemafibrate processes for preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Division of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/957,179, filed Jun. 23, 2020, which is a National Stage of, andclaims priority to and the benefit of, International Patent ApplicationNo. PCT/US2018/067012 filed on Dec. 21, 2018, which, in turn, claims thebenefit of, and priority to, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/610,651, filed Dec. 27, 2017, U.S. Provisional Patent Application62/615,074, filed Jan. 9, 2018, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/623,227, filed Jan. 29, 2018, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/631,119, filed Feb. 15, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/645,300, filed Mar. 20, 2018, the entire disclosures of each ofwhich are incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to solid state forms of Pemafibrateprocesses for preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositionsthereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Pemafibrate has the chemical name(2R)-2-[3-[[1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl-[3-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-propyl]-amino]-methyl]-phenoxy]-butanoicacid.

Pemafibrate has the following chemical structure:

Pemafibrate (PARMODIA®) is a novel, highly selective peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α modulator (SPPARM). It acts bybinding to PPAR-α and regulating the expression of target genes thatmodulate lipid metabolism, thereby decreasing plasma triglyceride levelsand increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Developed byKowa Company, Ltd., oral pemafibrate has been approved in Japan for thetreatment of hyperlipidaemia (including familial hyperlipidaemia).Further, Pemafibrate is undergoing phase III development in a number ofcountries for the treatment of dyslipidaemias and is also in phase IIIdevelopment for the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia.

Pemafibrate is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,109,226.

Polymorphism, the occurrence of different crystal forms, is a propertyof some molecules and molecular complexes. A single compound, likePemafibrate, may give rise to a variety of polymorphs having distinctcrystal structures and physical properties like melting point, thermalbehaviors (e.g. measured by thermogravimetric analysis—“TGA”, ordifferential scanning calorimetry—“DSC”), X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD) pattern, infrared absorption fingerprint, Raman absorptionfingerprint, and solid state (¹³C-) NMR spectrum. One or more of thesetechniques may be used to distinguish different polymorphic forms of acompound.

Different salts and solid state forms (including solvated forms) of anactive pharmaceutical ingredient may possess different properties. Suchvariations in the properties of different salts and solid state formsand solvates may provide a basis for improving formulation, for example,by facilitating better processing or handling characteristics, improvingthe dissolution profile, or improving stability (polymorph as well aschemical stability) and shelf-life. These variations in the propertiesof different salts and solid state forms may also provide improvementsto the final dosage form, for instance, if they serve to improvebioavailability. Different salts and solid state forms and solvates ofan active pharmaceutical ingredient may also give rise to a variety ofpolymorphs or crystalline forms, which may in turn provide additionalopportunities to use variations in the properties and characteristics ofa solid active pharmaceutical ingredient for providing an improvedproduct.

Discovering new salts, solid state forms and solvates of apharmaceutical product can provide materials having desirable processingproperties, such as ease of handling, ease of processing, storagestability, and ease of purification or as desirable intermediate crystalforms that facilitate conversion to other salts or polymorphic forms.New salts, polymorphic forms and solvates of a pharmaceutically usefulcompound can also provide an opportunity to improve the performancecharacteristics of a pharmaceutical product (dissolution profile,bioavailability, etc.). It enlarges the repertoire of materials that aformulation scientist has available for formulation optimization, forexample by providing a product with different properties, e.g., adifferent crystal habit, higher crystallinity or polymorphic stabilitywhich may offer better processing or handling characteristics, improveddissolution profile, or improved shelf-life.

For at least these reasons, there is a need for additional solid stateforms (including solvated forms or salts) of Pemafibrate.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to solid state forms of Pemafibrate,processes for preparation thereof, and pharmaceutical compositionsincluding this solid state form.

The present disclosure also provides use of the solid state forms ofPemafibrate for preparing other solid state forms of Pemafibrate,Pemafibrate salts and solid state forms of a Pemafibrate salt.

The present disclosure also provides solid state forms of Pemafibrate ofthe present disclosure for uses in the preparation of other solid stateforms of Pemafibrate, Pemafibrate salts and solid state forms of aPemafibrate salt.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure encompasses the describedsolid state forms of Pemafibrate for use in the preparation ofpharmaceutical compositions and/or formulations, optionally for thetreatment and/or prevention of a pathological condition such ashyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, complications of diabetes,inflammation, and heart diseases.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure encompasses uses of thedescribed solid state forms of Pemafibrate for the preparation ofpharmaceutical compositions and/or formulations.

The present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical compositionsincluding one or more solid state forms of Pemafibrate according to thepresent disclosure.

In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure encompassespharmaceutical formulations including one or more of the described solidstate forms of Pemafibrate and at least one pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient.

The present disclosure encompasses processes to prepare saidpharmaceutical formulations of Pemafibrate including one or more of thedescribed solid state forms and at least one pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient.

The solid state forms defined herein as well as the pharmaceuticalcompositions or formulations of the solid state forms of Pemafibrate canbe used as medicaments, in embodiments for the treatment and/orprevention of a pathological condition such as hyperlipidemia,arteriosclerosis, diabetes, complications of diabetes, inflammation, andheart diseases.

The present disclosure also provides methods of treatment and/orprevention of a pathological condition such as hyperlipidemia,arteriosclerosis, diabetes, complications of diabetes, inflammation, andheart diseases, by administering a therapeutically effective amount ofone or more of the solid state forms of Pemafibrate of the presentdisclosure, or at least one of the herein described pharmaceuticalcompositions or formulations, to a subject suffering from a pathologicalcondition such as hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes,complications of diabetes, inflammation, and heart diseases, orotherwise in need of the treatment.

The present disclosure also provides uses of the solid state forms ofPemafibrate of the present disclosure, or at least one of the abovepharmaceutical compositions or formulations for the manufacture ofmedicaments for treating and/or preventing a pathological condition suchas hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, complications ofdiabetes, inflammation, and heart diseases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows an X-ray powder diffractogram (XRPD) of Form A ofPemafibrate.

FIG. 2 shows an X-ray powder diffractogram (XRPD) of Form B ofPemafibrate.

FIG. 3 shows an X-ray powder diffractogram (XRPD) of Form C ofPemafibrate.

FIG. 4 shows an X-ray powder diffractogram (XRPD) of Form D ofPemafibrate.

FIG. 5 shows an X-ray powder diffractogram (XRPD) of Form B ofPemafibrate.

FIG. 6 shows an X-ray powder diffractogram (XRPD) of amorphousPemafibrate.

FIG. 7 shows solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum of Form A of Pemafibrate (FIG.7 a: 200-0 ppm; FIG. 7 b: 200-100 ppm; FIG. 7 c: 100-0 ppm).

FIG. 8 shows solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum of Form B of Pemafibrate (FIG.8 a: 200-0 ppm; FIG. 8 b: 200-100 ppm; FIG. 8 c: 100-0 ppm).

FIG. 9 shows solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum of Form C of Pemafibrate (FIG.9 a: 200-0 ppm; FIG. 9 b: 200-100 ppm; FIG. 9 c: 100-0 ppm).

FIG. 10 shows solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum of Form D of Pemafibrate(FIG. 10 a: 200-0 ppm; FIG. 10 b: 200-100 ppm; FIG. 10 c: 100-0 ppm).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure relates to solid state forms of Pemafibrate,processes for preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositionsincluding this solid state form. The disclosure also relates to theconversion of the described solid state forms of Pemafibrate to othersolid state forms of Pemafibrate, Pemafibrate salts and their solidstate forms thereof.

The solid state forms of Pemafibrate according to the present disclosuremay have advantageous properties selected from at least one of: chemicalor polymorphic purity, flowability, solubility, dissolution rate,bioavailability, morphology or crystal habit, stability—such as chemicalstability as well as thermal and mechanical stability with respect topolymorphic conversion, stability towards dehydration and/or storagestability, a lower degree of hygroscopicity, low content of residualsolvents and advantageous processing and handling characteristics suchas compressibility, or bulk density.

A crystal form may be referred to herein as being characterized bygraphical data “as depicted in” a Figure. Such data include, forexample, powder X-ray diffractograms and solid state NMR spectra. As iswell-known in the art, the graphical data potentially providesadditional technical information to further define the respective solidstate form (a so-called “fingerprint”) which can not necessarily bedescribed by reference to numerical values or peak positions alone. Inany event, the skilled person will understand that such graphicalrepresentations of data may be subject to small variations, e.g., inpeak relative intensities and peak positions due to factors such asvariations in instrument response and variations in sample concentrationand purity, which are well known to the skilled person. Nonetheless, theskilled person would readily be capable of comparing the graphical datain the Figures herein with graphical data generated for an unknowncrystal form and confirm whether the two sets of graphical data arecharacterizing the same crystal form or two different crystal forms. Acrystal form of Pemafibrate referred to herein as being characterized bygraphical data “as depicted in” a Figure will thus be understood toinclude any crystal forms of the Pemafibrate, characterized with thegraphical data having such small variations, as are well known to theskilled person, in comparison with the Figure.

A solid state form (or polymorph) may be referred to herein aspolymorphically pure or as substantially free of any other solid state(or polymorphic) forms. As used herein in this context, the expression“substantially free of any other forms” will be understood to mean thatthe solid state form contains about 20% or less, about 10% or less,about 5% or less, about 2% or less, about 1% or less, or 0% of any otherforms of the subject compound as measured, for example, by XRPD. Thus,the solid state form of Pemafibrate described herein as substantiallyfree of any other solid state forms would be understood to containgreater than about 80% (w/w), greater than about 90% (w/w), greater thanabout 95% (w/w), greater than about 98% (w/w), greater than about 99%(w/w), or 100% of the subject solid state form of Pemafibrate.Accordingly, in some embodiments of the disclosure, the described solidstate forms of Pemafibrate may contain from about 1% to about 20% (w/w),from about 5% to about 20% (w/w), or from about 5% to about 10% (w/w) ofone or more other solid state forms of the same Pemafibrate.

As used herein, unless stated otherwise, XRPD peaks reported herein areoptionally measured using CuK_(α) radiation, λ=1.54187 Å.

As used herein, the term “isolated” in reference to solid state forms ofPemafibrate of the present disclosure corresponds to solid state form ofPemafibrate that is physically separated from the reaction mixture inwhich it is formed.

A thing, e.g., a reaction mixture, may be characterized herein as beingat, or allowed to come to “room temperature”, often abbreviated “RT.”This means that the temperature of the thing is close to, or the sameas, that of the space, e.g., the room or fume hood, in which the thingis located. Typically, room temperature is from about 20° C. to about30° C., about 22° C. to about 27° C., or about 25° C.

A process or step may be referred to herein as being carried out“overnight.” This refers to a time interval, e.g., for the process orstep, that spans the time during the night, when that process or stepmay not be actively observed. This time interval is from about 8 toabout 20 hours, about 10 to about 18 hours, or about 16 hours.

The amount of solvent employed in a chemical process, e.g., a reactionor crystallization, may be referred to herein as a number of “volumes”or “vol” or “V.” For example, a material may be referred to as beingsuspended in 10 volumes (or 10 vol or 10V) of a solvent. In thiscontext, this expression would be understood to mean milliliters of thesolvent per gram of the material being suspended, such that suspending a5 grams of a material in 10 volumes of a solvent means that the solventis used in an amount of 10 milliliters of the solvent per gram of thematerial that is being suspended or, in this example, 50 mL of thesolvent. In another context, the term “v/v” may be used to indicate thenumber of volumes of a solvent that are added to a liquid mixture basedon the volume of that mixture. For example, adding methyl tert-butylether (MTBE) (1.5 v/v) to a 100 ml reaction mixture would indicate that150 mL of MTBE was added.

As used herein, the term “reduced pressure” refers to a pressure ofabout 10 mbar to about 50 mbar.

The present disclosure includes a solid state form of Pemafibratedesignated as Form A. The Form A of Pemafibrate can be characterized bydata selected from one or more of the following: an XRPD pattern havingpeaks at 7.7, 8.2, 11.1, 11.6 and 18.6 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees2-theta; an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 1; and combinations ofthese data. Crystalline Form A of Pemafibrate may be furthercharacterized by the XRPD pattern having peaks at 7.7, 8.2, 11.1, 11.6and 18.6 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta, and also having one, two,three, four or five additional peaks selected from 9.8, 14.1, 16.4, 17.4and 20.1 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta.

Crystalline Form A of Pemafibrate may alternatively or additionally becharacterized by data selected from one or more of the following: asolid state 13C NMR spectrum with characteristic peaks at 171.2, 158.0,147.9, 141.1 and 137.7 ppm±0.2 ppm; a solid state ¹³C NMR spectrumhaving the following chemical shift absolute differences from referencepeak at 127.8 ppm±1 ppm: 43.4, 30.2, 20.1, 13.3 and 9.9 ppm±0.1 ppm; orby a solid state 13C NMR having the following full peak list: 171.2,160.3, 158.0, 153.4, 147.9, 141.1, 137.7, 127.8, 121.4, 120.1, 115.3,111.9, 110.2, 73.2, 63.3, 54.1, 47.8, 39.7, 25.3 and 8.5 ppm±0.2 ppm; orby a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum substantially as depicted in FIGS. 7a,7b and 7c ; or combinations of these data.

Crystalline Form A of Pemafibrate may be characterized by each of theabove characteristics alone/or by all possible combinations, e.g. byXRPD pattern having peaks at 7.7, 8.2, 11.1, 11.6 and 18.6 degrees2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta and an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 1.

The present disclosure includes a solid state form of Pemafibratedesignated as Form B. The Form B of Pemafibrate can be characterized bydata selected from one or more of the following: an XRPD pattern havingpeaks at 8.7, 13.1, 17.0, 18.2 and 22.9 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees2-theta; an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 2; an XRPD pattern asdepicted in FIG. 5; and combinations of these data. Crystalline Form Bof Pemafibrate may be further characterized by the XRPD pattern havingpeaks at 8.7, 13.1, 17.0, 18.2 and 22.9 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees2-theta, and also having one, two, three, four or five additional peaksselected from 4.4, 7.9, 13.4, 15.2 and 24.2 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees2-theta.

Crystalline Form B of Pemafibrate may alternatively or additionally becharacterized by data selected from one or more of the following: asolid state 13C NMR spectrum with characteristic peaks at 173.3, 146.7,130.8, 119.6 and 115.5 ppm±0.2 ppm; a solid state 13C NMR spectrumhaving the following chemical shift absolute differences from referencepeak at 107.4 ppm±1 ppm: 65.9, 39.3, 23.4, 12.2 and 8.1 ppm±0.1 ppm; orby a solid state 13C NMR having the following full peak list: 173.3,160.2, 154.4, 153.1, 146.7, 140.3, 139.1, 130.8, 123.3, 121.6, 119.6,115.5, 112.8, 111.5, 107.4, 74.7, 65.8, 55.1, 52.5, 48.8, 27.2 and 12.6ppm±0.2 ppm; or by a solid state 13C-NMR spectrum substantially asdepicted in FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c ; or combinations of these data.

Crystalline Form B of Pemafibrate may be characterized by each of theabove characteristics alone/or by all possible combinations, e.g. byXRPD pattern having peaks at 8.7, 13.1, 17.0, 18.2 and 22.9 degrees2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta and an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 2 orFIG. 5.

The present disclosure further includes a solid state form ofPemafibrate designated as Form C. The Form C of Pemafibrate can becharacterized by data selected from one or more of the following: anXRPD pattern having peaks at 5.1, 13.8, 14.7, 16.9 and 17.2 degrees2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta; an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 3; andcombinations of these data. Crystalline Form C of Pemafibrate may befurther characterized by the XRPD pattern having peaks at 5.1, 13.8,14.7, 16.9 and 17.2 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta, and also havingone, two, three, four or five additional peaks selected from 8.6, 10.2,18.3, 19.7 and 21.5 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta.

Crystalline Form C of Pemafibrate may alternatively or additionally becharacterized by data selected from one or more of the following: asolid state 13C NMR spectrum with characteristic peaks at 153.8, 147.9,139.5, 129.7 and 125.0 ppm±0.2 ppm; a solid state 13C NMR spectrumhaving the following chemical shift absolute differences from referencepeak at 107.3 ppm±1 ppm: 46.5, 40.6, 32.1, 22.4 and 17.6 ppm±0.1 ppm; orby a solid state 13C NMR having the following full peak list: 171.7,160.7, 156.8, 153.8, 147.9, 142.2, 139.5, 129.7, 125.0, 120.0, 118.0,116.0, 114.8, 109.6, 107.3, 73.1, 65.7, 54.0, 53.0, 50.5, 28.3, 21.5 and8.7 ppm±0.2 ppm; or by a solid state 13C-NMR spectrum substantially asdepicted in FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c ; or combinations of these data.

Crystalline Form C of Pemafibrate may be characterized by each of theabove characteristics alone/or by all possible combinations, e.g. byXRPD pattern having peaks at 5.1, 13.8, 14.7, 16.9 and 17.2 degrees2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta and an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 3.

The present disclosure further includes a solid state form ofPemafibrate designated as Form D. The Form D of Pemafibrate can becharacterized by data selected from one or more of the following: anXRPD pattern having peaks at 12.4, 14.2, 16.2, 22.2 and 23.0 degrees2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta; an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 4; andcombinations of these data. Crystalline Form D of Pemafibrate may befurther characterized by the XRPD pattern having peaks at 12.4, 14.2,16.2, 22.2 and 23.0 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta, and also havingone, two, three, four or five additional peaks selected from 3.9, 7.9,8.8, 18.4 and 21.2 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta.

Crystalline Form D of Pemafibrate may alternatively or additionally becharacterized by data selected from one or more of the following: asolid state 13C NMR spectrum with characteristic peaks at 153.3, 146.9,129.8, 124.0 and 111.8 ppm±0.2 ppm; a solid state 13C NMR spectrumhaving the following chemical shift absolute differences from referencepeak at 107.5 ppm±1 ppm: 45.8, 39.4, 22.3, 16.5 and 4.3 ppm±0.1 ppm; orby a solid state 13C NMR having the following full peak list: 171.8,160.7, 159.2, 153.3, 146.9, 142.1, 140.9, 129.8, 124.0, 118.8, 117.6,116.9, 115.4, 111.8, 107.5, 73.3, 64.7, 55.8, 54.2, 50.0, 29.4, 25.9 and10.2 ppm±0.2 ppm; or by a solid state 13C-NMR spectrum substantially asdepicted in FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c ; or combinations of these data.

Crystalline Form D of Pemafibrate may be characterized by each of theabove characteristics alone/or by all possible combinations, e.g. byXRPD pattern having peaks at 12.4, 14.2, 16.2, 22.2 and 23.0 degrees2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta and an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 4.

The present disclosure further includes an amorphous form ofPemafibrate. The amorphous form can be characterized by an XRPD patternas depicted in FIG. 6.

The present disclosure also provides the solid state forms ofPemafibrate of the present disclosure for use in the preparation ofother solid state forms of Pemafibrate, Pemafibrate salts and solidstate forms thereof.

The present disclosure further encompasses processes for preparingPemafibrate salts or solid state forms thereof. The process includespreparing the solid state forms of the present disclosure, andconverting it to a Pemafibrate salt. The conversion can be done, forexample, by a process including reacting the obtained Pemafibrate solidstate form with an appropriate acid to obtain the correspondingacid-addition salt

In another embodiment, the present disclosure encompasses the abovedescribed solid state forms of Pemafibrate for use in the preparation ofpharmaceutical compositions and/or formulations, optionally for thetreatment and/or prevention of pathological conditions includinghyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, complications of diabetes,inflammation, and heart diseases.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure encompasses the use of theabove described solid state forms of Pemafibrate for the preparation ofpharmaceutical compositions and/or formulations. The present disclosurealso provides the solid state form of Pemafibrate of the presentdisclosure for use in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositionsand/or formulations.

The present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical compositionsincluding one or more of the solid state forms of Pemafibrate accordingto the present disclosure.

In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure encompassespharmaceutical formulations including one or more of the above describedsolid state forms of Pemafibrate and at least one pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient.

The present disclosure encompasses processes to prepare saidformulations of Pemafibrate including combining one or more of the abovesolid state forms of Pemafibrate and at least one pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient.

The solid state forms of Pemafibrate as defined herein, as well as thepharmaceutical compositions or formulations thereof can be used asmedicaments, in embodiments for the treatment and/or prevention of apathological condition such as hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis,diabetes, complications of diabetes, inflammation, and heart diseases.

The present disclosure also provides methods of treating and/orpreventing a pathological condition such as hyperlipidemia,arteriosclerosis, diabetes, complications of diabetes, inflammation, andheart diseases, by administering a therapeutically effective amount ofone or more of the solid state forms of Pemafibrate in the presentdisclosure, or at least one of the above pharmaceutical compositions orformulations, to a subject suffering from a pathological condition suchas hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, complications ofdiabetes, inflammation, and heart diseases, or otherwise in need of thetreatment.

The present disclosure also provides use of the solid state forms ofPemafibrate of the present disclosure, or at least one of the abovepharmaceutical compositions or formulations for the manufacture of amedicament for treating and/or preventing a pathological condition suchas hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, complications ofdiabetes, inflammation, and heart diseases.

Having described the disclosure with reference to certain preferredembodiments, other embodiments will become apparent to one skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification. The disclosure isfurther illustrated by reference to the following examples describing indetail the preparation of the composition and methods of use of thedisclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that manymodifications, both to materials and methods, may be practiced withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure.

Analytical Methods X-Ray Powder Diffraction Method:

Powder X-ray Diffraction was performed on an X-Ray powder diffractometerPanAlytical X'pert Pro; CuKα radiation (λ=1.54187 Å-); X'Celeratordetector with active length 2.122 degrees 2-theta; laboratorytemperature 25±3° C.; zero background sample holders. Measurementparameters:

Scan range 3-40 degrees 2-theta Scan mode continuous Step size 0.0167degrees Step size 42 s Sample spin 60 rpm Sample holder zero backgroundsilicon plate

Prior to analysis, the samples were gently ground using a mortar andpestle to obtain a fine powder. Optionally, silicon powder can be addedin a suitable amount as internal standard in order to calibrate thepositions of the diffractions. The ground sample was adjusted into acavity of the sample holder and the surface of the sample was smoothedusing a cover glass.

¹³C Solid State NMR Method:

¹³C CP/MAS NMR spectra were measured at 125 MHz using Bruker Avance III500 WB/US NMR spectrometer (Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003) at magic anglespinning (MAS) frequency ω_(r)/2π=11 kHz. In all cases finely powderedsamples were placed into 4-mm ZrO₂ rotors and the standard “cpmas”pulseprogram was used. During acquisition of the data the high-powerdipolar decoupling “TPPM” (two-pulse phase-modulated) was applied. Theflip-pulse length was 4.8 μs. Applied nutation frequency of B₁(¹H) fieldwas ω₁/2π=89.3 kHz. Nutation frequency of B₁(¹³C) and B₁(¹H) fieldsduring cross-polarization was ω₁/2π=62.5 kHz. The number of scans was2048. Taking into account frictional heating of the samples during fastrotation all NMR experiments were performed at 293K (precise temperaturecalibration was performed).

-   -   The NMR spectrometer was completely calibrated and all        experimental parameters were carefully optimized prior the        investigation of samples. Magic angle was set using KBr during        standard optimization procedure and homogeneity of magnetic        field was optimized using adamantane sample (resulting        line-width at half-height Δv_(1/2) was less than 3.5 Hz at 250        ms of acquisition time).

EXAMPLES

Pemafibrate starting material can be prepared according to the syntheticroute reported in, e.g., Y. Yamazaki et Al., Tetrahedron 2008, 64, 8155.

Example 1: Preparation of Form A

Pemafibrate (100 mg) was dissolved in acetone (0.4 ml) at roomtemperature in a vial under air. The vial was capped with aluminum foilwith holes and left to evaporate under Nitrogen for 5 days. The solidresidue was collected and analyzed by XRD.

Example 2: Preparation of Form A

Pemafibrate (200 mg) was dissolved in MeOH (1 ml) in a vial by heatingto reflux with a hair dryer. The resulting solution was left to stand at4° C. (refrigerator) for 40 hours and the precipitate was collected byfiltration.

Example 3: Preparation of Form A

Pemafibrate (200 mg) was dissolved in methyl isopropyl ketone (0.4 ml)in a vial by heating to reflux with a hair dryer. The resulting solutionwas left to stand at 4° C. for 4 days (refrigerator) and the precipitatewas collected by filtration.

Example 4: Preparation of Form A

Pemafibrate (200 mg) was dissolved in ethylene glycol (1 ml) in a vialby heating to reflux with a hair dryer. The resulting solution was leftto stand at 4° C. (refrigerator) for 16 hours and the precipitate wascollected by filtration.

Example 5: Preparation of Form B

Pemafibrate (100 mg) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 ml) atroom temperature in a vial under air. The vial was capped with aluminumfoil with holes and left at RT to evaporate under nitrogen for 18 days.The residual amount of solution was diluted with water (0.5 ml) and themixture was stored in a capped vial for 8 days. The solid was collectedby filtration and analyzed by XRD.

Example 6: Preparation of Form B

Pemafibrate (500 mg, Form A) was suspended in Acetonitrile (1 ml) in aclosed vial. The suspension was heated to 40° C. with thermocouplesystem and stirred with magnetic agitator for 24 hours. After cooling to20° C. in around 1 hour, the suspension was filtered over a Buchnerfunnel with vacuum and the solid was analyzed by XRD.

Example 7: Preparation of Form C

Pemafibrate (5 grams) was added into a 250 ml jacketed glassware reactorequipped with mechanical stirrer and cryostat followed by EtOAc (39 ml)and n-Heptane (78.5 ml). The mixture was heated to reflux observingcomplete material dissolution. The solution was cooled to 20° C. in 3hours and then stirred at 20° C. for 1 hour, 15 min. A sample of thesuspension was filtered over a Buchner funnel with vacuum and theresulting solid was analyzed by XRD.

Example 8: Preparation of Form D

Pemafibrate (2 grams, Form A) was suspended in Acetonitrile (4 ml) in aclosed vial. The suspension was heated at 40° C. with thermocouplesystem and stirred with magnetic agitator for 24 hours. After cooling to20° C. in around 1 hour, the suspension was filtered over a Buchnerfunnel with vacuum and the solid was analyzed by XRD.

Example 9: Preparation of Form D

Pemafibrate (0.5 grams, Form A) was suspended in EtOAc (0.66 ml) andn-Heptane (1.33 ml) in a closed vial. The suspension was heated to 40°C. with thermocouple system and stirred with magnetic agitator for 4days. After cooling to 20° C. in around 1 hour, the suspension wasfiltered over a Buchner funnel with vacuum and the solid was analyzed byXRD.

Example 10: Preparation of Form B

Pemafibrate (2 grams, Form A) was suspended in H₂O (40 ml) and dissolvedby addition of 1 M NaOH (10 ml) at 20° C. 1 M HCl (10 ml) was added tothe solution and the resulting suspension was stirred for around 30 minat 20° C. The product was filtered over a Buchner funnel washing withwater (40 ml) and the wet powder (100 mg) was suspended in iPrOH (0.5ml). The suspension was agitated in a closed vial with orbital shakerfor 5 hours at 20° C. and then left to stand for 6 days withoutagitation at 20° C. The product was filtered over a Buchner funnel andanalyzed by XRD.

Example 11: Preparation of Amorphous Pemafibrate

Pemafibrate (1 gram, Form A) was suspended in H₂O (20 ml) and dissolvedby addition of 1 M NaOH (5 ml) at 20° C. 1 M HCl (5 ml) was added dropwise to the solution and the resulting suspension was stirred for around30 min at 20° C. The product was filtered over a Buchner funnel undervacuum and analyzed by XRD.

1. A crystalline form of Pemafibrate selected from: (A) crystalline FormA, which is characterized by data selected from one or more of thefollowing: i. an XRPD pattern having peaks at 7.7, 8.2, 11.1, 11.6 and18.6 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta; ii. an XRPD pattern asdepicted in FIG. 1; iii. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum with peaks at171.2, 158.0, 147.9, 141.1 and 137.7 ppm±0.2 ppm; iv. a solid state¹³C-NMR spectrum having the following chemical shift absolutedifferences from a peak at 127.8 ppm±1 ppm: 43.4, 30.2, 20.1, 13.3 and9.9 ppm±0.1 ppm; v. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum substantially asdepicted in FIG. 7a ; or combinations of (i)-(v); (B) crystalline FormC, which is characterized by data selected from one or more of thefollowing: i. an XRPD pattern having peaks at 5.1, 13.8, 14.7, 16.9 and17.2 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta; ii. an XRPD pattern asdepicted in FIG. 3; iii. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum with peaks at153.8, 147.9, 139.5, 129.7 and 125.0 ppm±0.2 ppm; iv. a solid state¹³C-NMR spectrum having the following chemical shift absolutedifferences from a peak at 107.3 ppm±1 ppm: 46.5, 40.6, 32.1, 22.4 and17.6 ppm±0.1 ppm; v. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum substantially asdepicted in FIG. 9a ; or combinations of (i)-(v); or (C) crystallineForm D which is characterized by data selected from one or more of thefollowing: i. an XRPD pattern having peaks at 12.4, 14.2, 16.2, 22.2 and23.0 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta; ii. an XRPD pattern asdepicted in FIG. 4; iii. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum with peaks at153.3, 146.9, 129.8, 124.0 and 111.8 ppm±0.2 ppm; iv. a solid state¹³C-NMR spectrum having the following chemical shift absolutedifferences from a peak at 107.5 ppm±1 ppm: 45.8, 39.4, 22.3, 16.5 and4.3 ppm±0.1 ppm; v. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum substantially asdepicted in FIG. 10a ; or combinations of (i)-(v).
 2. The crystallineForm A of Pemafibrate according to claim 1, which is characterized bydata selected from one or more of the following: i. an XRPD patternhaving peaks at 7.7, 8.2, 11.1, 11.6 and 18.6 degrees 2-theta±0.2degrees 2-theta; ii. an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 1; iii. a solidstate ¹³C-NMR spectrum with peaks at 171.2, 158.0, 147.9, 141.1 and137.7 ppm±0.2 ppm; iv. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum having thefollowing chemical shift absolute differences from a peak at 127.8 ppm±1ppm: 43.4, 30.2, 20.1, 13.3 and 9.9 ppm±0.1 ppm; v. a solid state¹³C-NMR spectrum substantially as depicted in FIG. 7a ; or combinationsof (i)-(v).
 3. The crystalline Form A of Pemafibrate according to claim2, which is characterized by an XRPD pattern having peaks at 7.7, 8.2,11.1, 11.6 and 18.6 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta, and also havingone, two, three, four or five additional peaks selected from 9.8, 14.1,16.4, 17.4 and 20.1 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta.
 4. Thecrystalline Form C of Pemafibrate according to claim 1, which ischaracterized by data selected from one or more of the following: i. anXRPD pattern having peaks at 5.1, 13.8, 14.7, 16.9 and 17.2 degrees2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta; ii. an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 3;iii. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum with peaks at 153.8, 147.9, 139.5,129.7 and 125.0 ppm±0.2 ppm; iv. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum havingthe following chemical shift absolute differences from a peak at 107.3ppm±1 ppm: 46.5, 40.6, 32.1, 22.4 and 17.6 ppm±0.1 ppm; v. a solid state¹³C-NMR spectrum substantially as depicted in FIG. 9a ; or combinationsof (i)-(v).
 5. The crystalline Form C of Pemafibrate according to claim4, which is characterized by an XRPD pattern having peaks at 5.1, 13.8,14.7, 16.9 and 17.2 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta, and also havingone, two, three, four or five additional peaks selected from 8.6, 10.2,18.3, 19.7 and 21.5 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta.
 6. Thecrystalline Form D of Pemafibrate according to claim 1, which ischaracterized by data selected from one or more of the following: i. anXRPD pattern having peaks at 12.4, 14.2, 16.2, 22.2 and 23.0 degrees2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta; ii. an XRPD pattern as depicted in FIG. 4;iii. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum with peaks at 153.3, 146.9, 129.8,124.0 and 111.8 ppm±0.2 ppm; iv. a solid state ¹³C-NMR spectrum havingthe following chemical shift absolute differences from a peak at 107.5ppm±1 ppm: 45.8, 39.4, 22.3, 16.5 and 4.3 ppm±0.1 ppm; v. a solid state¹³C-NMR spectrum substantially as depicted in FIG. 10a ; or combinationsof (i)-(v).
 7. The crystalline Form D of Pemafibrate according to claim6, which is characterized by an XRPD pattern having peaks at 12.4, 14.2,16.2, 22.2 and 23.0 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta, and also havingone, two, three, four or five additional peaks selected from 3.9, 7.9,8.8, 18.4 and 21.2 degrees 2-theta±0.2 degrees 2-theta.
 8. Apharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline Form A ofPemafibrate according to claim 2, and at least one pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient.
 9. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising thecrystalline Form C of Pemafibrate according to claim 4, and at least onepharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 10. A pharmaceutical formulationcomprising the crystalline Form D of Pemafibrate according to claim 6,and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.